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Lotrel (Amlodipine-Benazepril)

Lotrel (Amlodipine-Benazepril)


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Lotrel (Amlodipine-Benazepril)
HEART ATTACK OPTIONS: THE SURGICAL ARMOURY-THE ANGIOPLASTY ALTERNATIVE
Probably as a result of growing awareness that bypass surgery does not resolve the problems of atherosclerosis but rather compounds them, a newer, less dramatic procedure began to gain favour about 10 years ago – a procedure whereby a small tube was inserted into an artery, threaded into position near the unwanted arterial blockage and then inflated (balloon angioplasty), or drilled (directional atherectomy or high speed rotational atherectomy), or even lasered (laser angioplasty).
Sometimes an ingenious brace or metal coil is inserted and left in place (stents) to hold an artery open. There are also laser procedures which actually pierce holes in the heart wall (puncturing a pump?) in the hope that nutrient-carrying blood will leak out into the heart muscle and sustain it.
In America balloon angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or PTCA for short) has gained enormously in popularity. Currently some 300,000 (some say 400,000) of these treatments are done annually in the USA. This outstrips even CABS and it is easy to see why. The first is a major operation requiring hospitalization and convalescence of several months. The second requires a relatively brief stay in hospital, virtually no convalescence and can be performed by many more surgeons not qualified to the high degree needed to perform CABS.
To the patient it looks more attractive than bypass surgery, but turning to statistics once more we find that restenosis (re-blocking) of the treated artery re-occurs in 35 per cent of cases within six months of the treatment. Considering that much of this treatment is done on young to middle aged patients with symptoms that might as easily be controlled with medication, it seems a risky procedure, especially when there is a 1-4 per cent chance (again the scope depends on how well it’s done) of fatality during the treatment, due to guide wires jamming or slicing a flap inside the artery or inflated balloons dislodging plaque.
Some other forms of angioplasty include:
Directional Atherectomy (DA) in which plaque is scraped away by a high speed rotational drill. Re-blockage is less than half as frequent as in balloon angioplasty (unless the former technique has been used before it). In 1990, 200,000 treatments were performed in the US and 100,000 in Europe
High Speed Rotational Atherectomy (HRSA) which pulverizes plaque
Transluminal Extraction Atherectomy (TEA) during which plaque is cut free and sucked out. These procedures are comparatively recent (they were first performed in the late seventies) and so results are in short supply, however they appear to be performing better than balloon angioplasty with less mortality, though laser angioplasty has thrown up some rather sinister early results. Harold and Arline Brecher uncovered a study of 2,000 patients in which 40 suffered a perforated artery, 160 experienced abrupt closing necessitating other techniques being used, 60 required emergency bypass operations, and 40 suffered heart attacks.
With Stents the research does not seem to be encouraging either, due to the fact that they induce bleeding at their site. Since blood thinners have to be taken in order to stop blood from clotting around them in any case this effect must be seen as hazardous.
To sum it all up, the Rand Corporation Study revealed that the procedures of CABS or CBPS, angiography and carotid endarec-tomy are all significantly overused. Sixty-five per cent of carotid-endarectomies were done for inappropriate reasons, 17 per cent of angiograms, and nearly 50 per cent of bypass procedures.
It may seem inappropriate to inject a note of something as common as sense here, but if one known cause of atherosis is damage to the artery walls, how can it be justified to drill, scrape or stretch them? The scarring alone would surely encourage repair cell growth.
Indeed, a simple comparison of death rates reveals that it is far safer not to have these treatments than to have them. For example, if the known death rate of the average heart patient treated without any procedure is about 1 in 100 per year, a dangerous procedure will only increase that death rate. Based on US figures of 400,000 angioplasty/atherectomy procedures a year here are the comparisons:
no procedure: annual death rate 1 per cent: total deaths 4,000
angioplasty: six-month death rate, 4.6 per cent: total deaths 18,000
atherectomy: six-month death rate, 8.6 per cent: total deaths 34,000
Two other points about surgical techniques such as those described above should possibly be made:
there has never been a double blind trial to examine their efficacy
how can a treatment be justified if the reason for it monotonously recurs, eventually rendering the eligibility for further treatment invalid?
it seems appropriate to comment here that the main reason given by the medical profession for not accepting chelation therapy, despite thousands of positive empirical studies, is…because there have been no double blind trials done.
*28/104/2*

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