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HEART DISEASE: ACHIEVING A BALANCE
How do you know when you are getting better? The final word on your health must belong to your physicians, but we wish to raise a theme here that we have found helpful on the journey from event to recovery, especially in preparing for the next phase, rehabilitation.
An event disturbs the balance within the body, from which the body needs to recover. Symptoms such as chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath and palpitations indicate to us that something is off-kilter. The actual journey back to health is taken with the guidance of your physicians, who can follow the great strides in the medical management of CAD to improve outcome; however, even when this has been achieved, it is not the end of the story. First, we have to get used to the new physical state; if symptoms are negligible, then, of course, it is much easier. Second, the feelings of fear, sadness, low mood and anger we have described as common manifestations of emotional reaction after a cardiac event can take time before settling down. Finally, within the family system, an upset has occurred that will take time to resolve.
So, in a theoretical sense, the challenge of recuperation is to restore a balance within the physical, emotional and family systems. This is not instantly achievable; efforts toward it must be sustained over time. There is considerable overlap between this phase and the next one, rehabilitation, especially in terms of starting physician-recommended activities. However, we have found that patients and their significant others appreciate knowing what they are going through in the weeks and months following a cardiac event. Furthermore, there comes a time when attitude becomes crucial in the recovery process. We are now approaching a junction point in the journey to recovery. Achieving balance is an important step toward this crossroad.
After the initial, uncertain, variable aftermath of a heart attack, during which the long-term treatment plans will have been made and carried out, patients face a period where they will need to gather their inner strength and head toward rehabilitation. It is at the end of this approximately four-to-eight-week period after the acute event that patients face a “fork in the road.” Most of the testing that is going to be performed has been done already. A decision about bypass surgery or angioplasty has usually already been made, and the necessary procedures completed. At this time, patients face the loss of the comfort and security of being protected and cared for, and need to face the “cold wind” of their independent, formerly active lives. They face the added difficulty of doing so in a weakened state, having gotten “out of shape” because of the forced inactivity after the event, having sustained some amount of heart damage, and having had to take an array of medications that may cause subtle (or not-so-subtle) side effects such as fatigue. No wonder it is tempting to give up!
The silver lining in this apparent dark cloud is that this is the very time that we can make meaningful changes in the way we look at ourselves, the way we behave and the way we react to stresses in our daily lives. Our society, in general, and the structure of medical care in particular, is highly “action-oriented.” Caught up in the rush of investigations, treatments and procedures, many patients have little inclination to think seriously about their medical situation. We are constantly surprised that all patients ask “What do I do now?” but very few ever ask “What should I think now?” However, as we discuss below, our thoughts and feelings and reactions are very closely related to how the heart behaves, and even related to the risk that we will die. Taking the time for quiet reflection is crucial at this stage. Remember that although heart disease is not your “fault,” changing undesirable habits and adopting an optimistic but determined attitude will pay great dividends. Deciding to change your habits and attitudes is the first step to rehabilitation. Research on stopping smoking, for example, indicates that it is very difficult, if not impossible, to stop smoking unless you have decided that you really want to stop; if all of the influence comes from outside, for example, from your spouse, family and friends, or from your doctor, this will not be enough to get you to change your behavior in such an important way. This is probably true for all behaviors, whether negative, such as smoking, or positive, such as exercising, improving your diet or adopting a more positive outlook on life. This particular journey requires you to make the decision to actively heal yourself both mentally and physically. Once you have accepted this challenge, which although difficult can be highly rewarding, you will then be able to benefit from the help and support of your loved ones, your doctors, and all those who care for you.
Remember, too, that a lifetime of habits cannot be undone quickly. Fortunately this may not be true for smoking, since most former smokers who quit successfully did so “cold turkey” at the time of an acute event such as a heart attack, usually immediately or very soon after. At this point, we focus on why you should want to change. Having had a heart attack or unstable angina requires some adjustment in everybody. Just as world-class athletes have coaches and trainers, and artistic performers have teachers and directors, all of us can benefit from coaching to learn to deal with our lives in a more positive and healthful way.
Some observations from recent scientific studies help point the way in which this road will take us. Patients who are tired following their heart attacks are more likely to do poorly than are those who are less tired. “Vitality” seems to protect us from cardiac events. Somewhat surprisingly, the severity of the underlying heart disease is not a significant determinant of the amount of fatigue patients experience, suggesting that “tiredness” is a subjective sensation not necessarily related to how hard you have been working or how poor your hearts function is. Many activities, although they involve some effort, may actually help you feel energized, whereas prolonged inactivity, overeating and boredom may actually make you feel “tired,” even though you have not really done very much.
Second, those patients who participate in social activities following their heart attacks live longer than those who avoid them. This includes visits with friends; going out to dinner or the theater; or group activities such as club meetings or religious worship. Again, the extent or lack of social participation is not related to the biological seriousness of the heart disease itself, but to other factors that likely include the desire, will and focus to immerse ourselves into our social circle. Such human contact may allow us to look outward instead of focusing on our own troubles and discomforts.
Third, research studies have shown that patients who are “non-compliant” with treatment?in other words, who fail to take their medications as prescribed?have outcomes that are very much worse than those of patients who take their medications faithfully. Not only are effective and beneficial medications not being taken; even patients who do not take their prescribed placebo tablets (an inactive substance) in research studies have higher chances of dying than those who do take their placebo tablets, indicating that the very act of cooperating with medical therapy and believing that the treatment is important enough to warrant continued medication use helps protect against serious, even potentially fatal, heart events.
All of these scientifically based observations imply that a thoughtful decision during recuperation to be actively involved in treatment, to reintegrate back into your social circle, to resume or even expand previous social activities, and to look outward instead of focusing inward is likely not only to help you feel better, but also perhaps to extend your life.
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