This entry was posted on Wednesday, March 3rd, 2010 at %I:%M %p and is filed under Anti-Allergic/Asthma. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
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TREATMENT OF SEVERE ASTHMA ATTACK IN CHILDREN
Treating a mild attack of asthma is easy because there is no tension or stress involved and there is time to consider the best course of action. There are definite indicators to tell you when your child’s condition is worsening and you should take stronger measures to control the attack. The following are the guidelines that I have found to be reliable:
Early Signs
1. No relief is obtained from the usual inhalers.
2. Your child requests more frequent doses of the inhalers.
3. There is a persistent wheeze which seems to be worsening.
Later Signs
1. Constant loud wheeze.
2. Child becoming easily tired.
3. Usual inhalers needed every hour.
4. Marked movement of the abdomen with every breath.
Danger Signals
1. Wheeze lessens due to shallow breathing.
2. Child exhausted.
3. Blue tinge to the lips.
4. Child very restless.
A more accurate guideline is the peak flow meter. This is a small device which is used daily to monitor the progress of asthma by measuring the amount of air which passes through the lungs. Any reduction in the score from the normal, healthy range will reflect deterioration in the asthma. I would suggest that you use the following principles as a guide to the severity of the attack, using a score of 400 as the norm:
1. A score in the region of 300 to 400, i.e. a reduction of up to 25 per cent of normal, is classed as a mild attack.
2. A score between 200 and 300, i.e. a reduction of up to 50 per cent of normal, is a sign that a serious attack may well be building up. You should not put off taking remedial action in the hope that the asthma will improve by itself – usually it does not.
3. Any score of less than 200, i.e. less than 50 per cent of normal, means the asthma is not controlled and has moved into the severe attack range. It should not be accepted under any circumstances and steps must be taken urgently to correct it.
4. A score of 100 or less, i.e. a reduction of 75 per cent or more, requires urgent medical attention. While it may be acceptable to try and see whether the treatment described for a severe attack is effective, you must only try this while waiting for the doctor to arrive. If your GP is unable to call within 30 minutes then your child should be taken to the nearest casualty department. I must stress, however, that this is a most uncommon occurrence and most probably the peak flow readings will never fall as low as this.
This is all very well in theory, but in practice under extreme stress it can still seem too complicated. I have devised a method of marking the peak flow meters of each asthmatic with a colour system whereby the asthmatic child and the parents will know exactly what steps to take without having to work out percentages. The system takes the form of colour bands which are stuck on to the peak flow meter at the appropriate level for each patient. Simple instructions are written on the band as to what is the correct action.
After some experimentation we found that the best method was to use colours in the same manner as traffic lights:
• Anything from the green band or better means ‘Go’. Everything is alright and maintenance therapy should be continued as normal.
• Yellow for ‘Get Ready’ and some remedial action should be taken.
• Orange or Amber means that the attack is severe but should still respond to the treatment without the need to call the doctor.
• Red equals ‘Stop’ and indicates the reading is very low and urgent medical help either from the doctor or at hospital should be sought.
Peak flow meters are vital in the assessment of severity of attacks but it is also imperative to have the right equipment easily to hand at home to deal with any crisis. I have found that all that is needed are the following:
• A bronchodilator inhaler, e.g. Ventolin or Bricanyl.
• A steroid inhaler, e.g. Becotide 50 or Becotide 100.
• A nebulizer, preferably an electric one but a foot-pump nebulizer will do.
• Bronchodilator nebulizer solution, either Ventolin or Bricanyl.
• A course of cortisone tablets.
If you have all these at home then you will be able to deal with virtually every asthma attack. Since introducing this list plus the colour-coded peak flow meter I have not had to send a child on this regime into hospital. I am sure the reason is that as soon as there is deterioration in the peak flow reading suitable action is taken so the level never reaches the red zone.
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